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Protests against police brutality have erupted across the country over the past three days, leading to tough classroom conversations about race, racism, and police violence.

Teachers, already struggling to reach students during the coronavirus pandemic, are now searching for ways to help them work through their feelings about the protests and the police killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and other unarmed black men and women鈥攚ithout being with their students in person. The death of Ahmaud Arbery, a black man who was shot while jogging by two white men in Georgia earlier this month, has also inflamed national tensions.

It鈥檚 a daunting conversation to have through a screen, many teachers said. The death of Floyd, a black man in Minneapolis who died last week as a police officer knelt on his neck for nearly nine minutes, has sparked national outrage. Protesters took to the streets in dozens of U.S. cities over the weekend, chanting phrases like 鈥淣o justice, no peace,鈥� and 鈥淚 can鈥檛 breathe.鈥�

In many cases, peaceful protests turned into violent unrest, with police shooting tear gas and rubber bullets into the crowds and protesters setting fires, smashing storefront windows, and looting stores. More than 4,000 protesters were arrested, according to the Associated Press.

Black teachers are facing an additional burden when discussing these events with students, said Evin Shinn, an 11th grade U.S. history and language arts teacher at Cleveland High School in Seattle. He鈥檚 one of only three black teachers at his school, and he feels called upon to address the protests and police brutality with his students, despite the emotional toll. Ninety percent of students at his school are students of color, and 20 percent are black.

鈥淚t鈥檚 hard because as a teacher, you鈥檙e not a therapist, you鈥檙e not a social worker, you鈥檙e not a doctor or a nurse鈥攂ut those are all roles we take on when you become a teacher,鈥� Shinn said. 鈥淧articularly as a black educator, it鈥檚 so important to show up for students in moments like this.鈥�

He messaged his students on the app Remind and told them he wasn鈥檛 assigning any work this week. Instead, he wrote that students should do something to stop racism鈥攍ike write a letter to elected officials, make a protest sign, or write a poem reflecting on inequities and the protests.

Then, he messaged his black students individually to see if they were OK and if there鈥檚 anything he could do for them.

鈥淚 was very open,鈥� Shinn said, telling students that 鈥淚鈥檓 feeling definitely sad, and I鈥檓 feeling hopeless and angry, and I feel rage. How are you doing? How are you feeling?鈥�

Students told him they felt like this was 鈥渙ne big emotional rollercoaster.鈥� One student said they were staying off social media because there鈥檚 鈥渁 lot going on, and it鈥檚 really sad.鈥�

鈥淯sually, I鈥檓 there to process with students,鈥� Shinn said. 鈥淭here鈥檚 something about showing up and being in that space together and trying to figure out what it鈥檚 going to look like together, and we don鈥檛 have that space.鈥�

On Wednesday, he鈥檒l hold a virtual class meeting for any students who want to talk and process their emotions.

Abdul Wright, who teaches 8th grade language arts in North Minneapolis, also dropped his planned lessons last week. As protests filled the streets in his students鈥� neighborhoods, he devoted his virtual classroom to discussing the death of George Floyd, and the response from the community. Right now, in his class, Wright says, 鈥渘othing else matters.鈥�

鈥淚 have to find a way to make meaning of this in a way that creates a better society for them,鈥� he said. Still, the idea of creating a lesson around these events drained him. Wright is black, and most of his students are as well.

鈥淲hen you lived it and endured it, what it means to live unjust experiences, it triggers you. My people and the people in my community, we carry so much trauma,鈥� he said.

In a virtual meeting with his students last week, Wright introduced the Martin Luther King Jr. quote about riots: 鈥淎 riot is the language of the unheard.鈥� He gave students space to talk about their feelings toward the protests that have, at times, turned violent, with protesters setting fires and breaking into businesses.

Students disagreed about protest tactics鈥攕ome said that confrontation and damaging property would make protestors 鈥渓ook bad,鈥� Wright said. But another student said that protestors shouldn鈥檛 be seeking public approval, and that black people have been criticized for protest of all forms. 鈥淚t doesn鈥檛 matter,鈥� Wright remembers her saying, 鈥渨e鈥檙e going to look bad regardless.鈥�

For many teachers, however, the school year is over, and they don鈥檛 have the opportunity to hold complex class discussions.

Patrick Harris, a 6th and 7th grade English and social studies teacher at the Detroit Achievement Academy, had wrapped up his virtual classes last week. This week was meant to be spent preparing for his end-of-year conferences with students and their parents.

But after protests spread throughout Detroit over the weekend, Harris, who is black, asked his students, who are mostly black, to write a reflection. So far, he said, students have commented about how unfair the killing of Floyd鈥攁nd other unarmed black men and women鈥攚as.

鈥淭hey鈥檙e confirming that this is something we鈥檝e always seen鈥攖his is not a new image,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hey鈥檙e not shocked by the revelation that black people are being assaulted by police officers, killed and murdered by police.鈥�

Right before school buildings shut down due to the coronavirus outbreak, Harris had wrapped up a unit about the origins of race, where students learned about DNA and skin color, the history of the racial hierography, and the concept of race as a social construct. He hopes students will be able to draw connections between that foundation and what鈥檚 happening now.

If school buildings were open, Harris said he would be helping students make those explicit connections, as well as creating space for students to express their feelings and frustrations.

鈥淭he one thing that鈥檚 the hardest with distance learning is that students are not able to be around their peers as often, and they鈥檙e not able to talk to them and process in kid language,鈥� Harris said, adding that while he knows students are likely texting with each other, 鈥渢here鈥檚 nothing like the classroom in really guiding a safe space, [with] the teacher being a facilitator who鈥檚 pushing them to go deeper.鈥�

鈥楪eorge Floyd Could Be Me鈥�

In Minneapolis, teachers鈥� first priority is helping their students and their neighborhoods survive, Wright said. Staff at the charter school where he works have gone out into the community to support clean-up efforts during the day, picking up trash, organizing food donations, and checking in on local businesses.

鈥淥ur school is closer than any other to the epicenter of the protests and the police violence. Our students are just hugely affected. This is their community,鈥� said Corinth Matera, an English teacher and journalism adviser at South High School in Minneapolis. 鈥淚t鈥檚 the Target where they work burning down, or the grocery store they were just at with their mom being taken over. And a lot of students saying, 鈥楪eorge Floyd could be me.鈥欌��

Many of Matera鈥檚 students are protesting, or supporting community relief efforts. 鈥淚 got an email from a student yesterday saying, 鈥業 got shot by a rubber bullet and I can鈥檛 feel my hands, so I probably can鈥檛 finish my essay,鈥欌�� Matera said.

Teachers at South voted on Monday to award all students credit for the 4th quarter, which ends this week. The staff had already discussed the option in weeks prior, in light of the pandemic, but the weekend鈥檚 events 鈥渃rystalized鈥� a final decision, she said: 鈥淲e don鈥檛 want any student to be worried about or thinking about school work at this point.鈥�

For now, teachers at the school are focused on emergency aid, Matera said, like getting food and necessities to families now that many grocery stores in the city have been closed or burned. But the protests have underscored how important it is for white teachers to examine their own practice, said Matera.

鈥淲e have too many white teachers in Minnesota. I am a white teacher. And I have been, and other folks have been, calling on our fellow white teachers to really challenge them to see where we are doing damage to our students of color,鈥� she said. 鈥淲e need more teachers of color, but we also need, as white teachers, to examine ways in which we鈥檙e complicit in the institutions that are perpetrating this violence against our students.鈥�

Meanwhile, in Louisville, Ky., Matthew Kaufmann, the state鈥檚 high school teacher of the year, while participating in a protest over the police shooting of Breonna Taylor, a 26-year-old black woman, in her apartment. Many students and recent graduates were also out there protesting, said Emilie McKiernan Blanton, a high school English teacher.

Kentucky teachers over changes to their pensions, so they gave their students tips, Blanton said, such as bringing water and an external charger for their phones. She鈥檚 friends on Facebook with several former students who posted about being tear gassed at the protest. Blanton sent them her phone number and told them to call her if they need a ride, or if they鈥檙e arrested and need to be bailed out.

鈥淭hey鈥檙e doing peaceful assembly, it just happens to be next to something dangerous,鈥� she said. 鈥淚鈥檓 very proud of them. I鈥檓 always proud of my students when they stand up for themselves and do what鈥檚 right.鈥�

A 鈥楾eachable Moment鈥�

It鈥檚 important for teachers to address issues of race and racism with their students, educators say, both in these last few weeks of school and when classes resume in the fall.

Here are some resources from nonprofits and media outlets that can help guide classroom conversations on race:

• The Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture launched an online portal called that鈥檚 designed to help steer conversations about racism, racial identity, and the way these forces shape every aspect of society.
• PBS NewsHour Extra for grades 6-12 about the death of George Floyd. The plan includes a news video (that omits the footage of Floyd鈥檚 death) and discussion questions about the protests, police brutality, and media literacy.
• The New York Times鈥� Learning Network shared an article about the protests, along with discussion questions, and .
• The Pulitzer Center partnered with the New York Times to turn the 1619 Project, a collection of essays and literary works observing the 400th anniversary of the beginning of American slavery, . The curriculum includes reading guides, activities, and other resources about the history of race in America.
• Teaching Tolerance, a project by the Southern Poverty Law Center, periodically updates .

Educators on Twitter, both for their students and for themselves. And Joe Truss, a middle school principal in San Francisco, for white teachers to take now鈥攊ncluding learning about restorative practices and redesigning curriculum to empower and engage students of color.

Harris, the Detroit teacher, said it鈥檚 the responsibility of all educators to 鈥渁dopt an anti-racist approach鈥� and amplify the voices of the marginalized in their classrooms. To start the conversation, he said, teachers should ask their students, from kindergarten on up, two basic questions: Is this fair? And how does this make you feel?

鈥淭eachers cannot be silent during this time,鈥� Harris said. 鈥淭eachers have to take a stand. Students are absorbing this, [and] they鈥檙e going to ask themselves later on in life or even now, 鈥榃hat was my teacher doing during this time?鈥欌��

Image: Protestors in New York City rally against the death of Minneapolis man George Floyd at the hands of police on May 31. 鈥擩ohn Nacion/STAR MAX via AP