Private school administrators are trying to get on an equal footing with public schools when it comes to qualifying for money from the Federal Emergency Management Agency to replace buildings and school materials damaged by Hurricane Katrina.
Public schools and universities can apply directly to FEMA for grants to rebuild their facilities and replace damaged furniture, equipment, and textbooks. By contrast, private nonprofit K-12 schools and universities must take the extra step of first applying to the U.S. Small Business Administration for a disaster loan before they can ask FEMA for a grant.
Private schools can get loans of up to $1.5 million, at an interest rate of 4 percent, from the SBA if they are deemed capable of repaying them. If a private school is denied a loan or the loan doesn鈥檛 cover the cost of eligible expenses for repairs after insurance, then the school is eligible for a grant from FEMA to pay for the same kinds of expenses that the agency covers for public schools.
鈥淚 think [private schools] ought to be given better consideration than we鈥檝e been given,鈥� said Mike Ladner, the superintendent of schools for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Biloxi, Miss., which had five schools destroyed and six others damaged by Hurricane Katrina. The school system enrolled 4,500 students in 18 schools before the hurricane struck the Gulf Coast in late August.
It doesn鈥檛 seem right, said Mr. Ladner, that some private nonprofit organizations, such as hospitals or those providing water or sewage services, have the same standing as their public counterparts in applying for repair grants from FEMA because they鈥檙e classified by law as providing 鈥渃ritical services.鈥�
The law says private schools offer 鈥渘oncritical services.鈥� Mr. Ladner believes private schools should be on the 鈥渃ritical鈥� list.
Public education officials, meanwhile, have expressed frustration with aspects of FEMA鈥檚 response to their own schools鈥� posthurricane needs.(鈥淪chools Welcome FEMA Aid, But Not Without Frustration,鈥� Oct. 12, 2005.)
Stafford Amendment
Just five years ago, the process of applying for federal disaster funds was the same for private and public schools. But that process was changed to the current one through an amendment in 2000 to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988, which governs FEMA.
There was a rationale for the change, said Steve Hansen, the spokesman for Republicans on the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, which is responsible for proposing modifications to that part of the law. It went like this: Private schools have financial resources that public schools don鈥檛, and the federal government should examine what those resources are before giving the schools grants.
鈥淭hough private schools are important to the community in which they are, they do have private resources,鈥� Mr. Hansen said. 鈥淔EMA is a source of assistance of last resort. Even an individual who has damage to his or her home is given a small amount of immediate assistance for home repairs.鈥�
The Rev. William Maestri, the superintendent of schools for the Archdiocese of New Orleans, disputes that reasoning. 鈥淭his idea that private schools have access to unlimited funds is sheer nonsense,鈥� he said.
Father Maestri said that public schools spend 2陆 to three times the amount of money per pupil that Catholic schools do. 鈥淚f you want to get the bang for your buck, it would certainly be in the private sector,鈥� he said. 鈥淲hy wouldn鈥檛 you foster that, rather than try to find obstacles to keep the private schools from participating in the recovery?鈥�
The New Orleans Archdiocese enrolled nearly 50,000 students before Hurricane Katrina. It now has more than 35,000 students in its reopened schools.(鈥淐atholic Schools Reopening After Katrina,鈥� Oct. 12, 2005.)
Mr. Hansen said committee members are aware of how private schools damaged by hurricanes Katrina and Rita are affected by the change in the law and are discussing the issue.
But private school advocates maintained last week that members of Congress haven鈥檛 shown any interest in changing the law back to the way it was.
鈥淭hey鈥檙e mainly focused on helping the displaced students and families right now, so this is just an afterthought,鈥� said Amy B. Sechler, the director of legislative affairs for the Washington-based National Association of Independent Schools.(鈥淐uts Weighed to Pay for Hurricane Relief,鈥� this issue.)
The Stafford law permits private schools to apply directly to FEMA for reimbursements for two relief categories: 鈥渄ebris removal鈥� and 鈥渆mergency protective measures,鈥� such as moving computers in anticipation of a hurricane.
鈥業nformation Void鈥�
Administrators at some independent or Catholic schools in the New Orleans area said last week that they were not yet well informed about the kind of help they could get from FEMA for hurricane-related damage.
Only one of the four administrators interviewed, Brendan Minihan, the business officer for the Metairie Park Country Day School in Metairie, La., knew that private schools need to apply first to the Small Business Administration for loans for building repairs before applying to FEMA. He received that news in a packet from FEMA after filing a claim online with the agency.
Mr. Minihan鈥檚 school stands out among the private schools contacted because it received hands-on assistance from FEMA in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. At the request of the school, FEMA provided large disposal bins, which school workers filled with debris from downed trees. The agency also hauled them away.
Still, said Mr. Minihan, 鈥渋t鈥檚 been difficult getting information you can act on.鈥�
鈥淚鈥檓 talking about something simple,鈥� he said, 鈥渓ike getting a required form to order trailers. 鈥� I鈥檝e been trying to get two forms from them for the past week.鈥�
David Fukutomi, the infrastructure coordinator for FEMA in Louisiana, said that because of the size of the Katrina disaster, FEMA hasn鈥檛 been able to brief some possible applicants for FEMA funds in the same way that the agency has in other disasters.
鈥淕iven the magnitude of the disaster, there are some things that haven鈥檛 happened,鈥� he said. 鈥淭here鈥檚 an information void that we鈥檙e trying to fill.鈥�
At the same time, the extent to which schools across the nation are receiving an influx of students displaced by such a disaster is new for FEMA, Mr. Fukutomi said. 鈥淲e鈥檙e treading on new ground here,鈥� he said. 鈥淣ot all the rules have been written yet.鈥�
The government has some limitations on the kind of help it can provide to private schools, Mr. Fukutomi added. For example, FEMA won鈥檛 provide trailers for temporary faculty housing or classrooms to private schools, though it is doing so for public schools. That鈥檚 true for schools that receive an influx of displaced students and schools that were directly damaged by a hurricane, he said.
鈥淲hat we鈥檙e doing,鈥� he said, 鈥渋s looking at how much flexibility we have to provide some relief.鈥�
