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Backers of blended and online learning arrived here to exchange ideas and learn about practices they can take back to their districts and offices鈥攅ven as major problems playing out in school districts that have launched outsized technology projects offered reminders of potential consequences when the most ambitious plans go awry.

The annual symposium of the International Association for K-12 Online Learning bills itself as the premier gathering of supporters of blended and online models, and it drew administrators and teachers from school systems large and small. Their needs vary enormously, depending on the technological mix of computer-based and in-person instruction they envision.

The meeting had an estimated 2,400 registered attendees, who also included company officials, philanthropists, researchers, and others鈥攎any of whom emphasized that their plans to implement or expand online or blended learning are playing out at a much smaller scale than the ambitious 1-to-1 computing efforts attempted by the Guilford County, N.C., and Los Angeles school systems, where major problems have been reported. But those gathered also spoke of what they see as flaws in approaches used in Los Angeles and other districts, and said they are confident that with enough planning, they can avoid similar mishaps.

鈥淭here is just that sense of 鈥榃ow, how do we make sure that doesn鈥檛 happen to our kids?'鈥�" said Don Andrews, the assistant superintendent for secondary instruction in the Lee鈥檚 Summit R-7 school district, an 18,000-student system in Missouri.

Challenges for Districts

While Mr. Andrews said his school district doesn鈥檛 have a true blended-learning model, it is steadily increasing its online instruction. One of its major goals for the next few years is to increase the 鈥渄ensity鈥� of its online connectivity, so that students have reliable connections in every classroom, even while the demand increases as students and teachers are using myriad mobile devices at the same time. The district is gradually shifting toward a 鈥渂ring-your-own-device鈥� approach to technology, he said.

Meeting those goals will mean increasing the number of wireless access points throughout the district, Mr. Andrews said. 鈥淜ids don鈥檛 care how many access points you have,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hey care about having [wireless technology] that works just as well as it does at the local McDonald鈥檚.鈥�

The 664,000-student Los Angeles school district鈥檚 rollout of an effort to provide iPads to every student over several years, at a cost that could reach $500 million, has been dogged by a series of problems. There have been questions about the exact cost of individual devices, students鈥� demonstrated ability to circumvent security filters on the tools鈥攁nd, as reported recently by 91制片厂视频 Week, questions about the readiness of curriculum developed by Pearson that is designed to be embedded in the devices.

Meanwhile, technical troubles with 1-to-1 computing initiatives have emerged in smaller districts. In the 73,000-student Guilford County, N.C., school system, which is planning a 1-to-1 effort, district officials suspended the deployment of tablets and other equipment provided by the company Amplify after reports of equipment problems. And in Fort Bend, Texas, district officials abandoned a plan that had been in the works for a year and a half to provide science curriculum with iPads, after a consultant cited a litany of problems with the project鈥檚 standards, management, and integration with the district鈥檚 existing curriculum.

While a number of school administrators at the conference cautioned against drawing broad conclusions from those districts鈥� experiences, they also said the high-profile troubles are instructive in some ways鈥攖hough not in the ways one might expect.

A number of conference attendees, for instance, said they thought the concerns about Los Angeles students鈥� security breaches, and the district鈥檚 response to it, were overblown. Overly restrictive policies risk thwarting students鈥� creativity, and don鈥檛 offer schools the opportunity to reinforce lessons on responsible technology use, they argued.

Simply taking devices away or putting overly aggressive restrictions on them risk 鈥減unishing the masses for the mistakes of the few,鈥� said John David Son, the director of instrutional technology for the Naperville, Ill., Community Unit School District 203. 鈥淲e like to use [those incidents] as teachable moments.鈥�

Mr. Son鈥檚 17,000-student district is partnering with nearby school systems in trying to improve its technology. It is also expanding its wireless access, considering options for moving ahead with a bring-your-own device model, and trying to integrate technology with improved teaching practices, he said.

鈥淲e have to know there are going to be bumps along the way,鈥� Mr. Son said.

Beyond the Devices

Many district officials at the conference said while they hoped to glean some cautionary lessons from the experiences of Los Angeles, Guilford County, and other districts, they also noted their district technology plans are typically smaller scale, and have much different goals鈥攁 view echoed by Susan D. Patrick, the president and CEO of the online learning association, known as iNACOL, hosting the event.

A core message Ms. Patrick said was being driven home at the event is that districts need to focus first on their instructional needs, and how they can personalize learning to meet the specific needs of students of different ability levels鈥攁nd only then seek technology to help them get there. 鈥淭his is not about 1-to-1 and giving kids tablets and all that鈥攖hat鈥檚 been said a hundred times here,鈥� Ms. Patrick said.

Questions about buying this or that technology 鈥渟hould be the last thing you ask,鈥� she said. 鈥淚t should be about, what is the educational goal you want to reach, what is the instructional practice, and what is the content鈥� you need?

Finding the right content is particularly difficult for districts, because that content needs to match their educational demands, Ms. Patrick added. Districts also need to be focused on how they鈥檙e going to collect data that offers precise, transparent information on student learning, and ensure 鈥渕ultiple pathways for learning.鈥�

鈥淭hat鈥檚 a very different conversation than, 鈥榃hat are the apps on my tablet?'鈥�" she said. Ms. Patrick said districts have much more information on how to use blended and online learning than they did a few years ago, in terms of making sure technology is aligned with academic goals and individual student needs.

One resource meant to provide districts with direction was released at the conference, 鈥�Keeping Pace With K-12 Online and Blended Learning,鈥� an annual report about virtual education produced by the Evergreen 91制片厂视频 Group. The document includes a section on 鈥減lanning for quality,鈥� meant to help guide district leaders through various challenges while moving into blended learning, from training teachers to choosing technology to setting realistic deadlines.

While disheartening, the technology difficulties in Los Angeles and other districts should prod school leaders to set clear objectives for what they want to accomplish educationally, and how technology can help, said John Watson, the founder of Evergreen, a consulting organization based in Colorado.

The temptation in districts is to 鈥渓ayer on technology, buy a bunch of devices,鈥� Mr. Watson said. 鈥淭hat story is happening in countless districts around the country.鈥� The difference in Los Angeles, he said, 鈥渋s the order of magnitude.鈥�