If more than 300,000 mobile applications鈥攐r apps鈥攁re available from the Apple App Store alone, with hundreds of those focused on education and hundreds more on educational gaming, how many are useful for the classroom?
Perhaps not as many as you might think.
While the world of mobile applications鈥攖abbed as the new Wild West by developers and consumers alike鈥攃ontinues to explode with everything from games to online books to interactive tutorials, there isn鈥檛 a lot of content designed to fit the face-to-face classroom, say analysts of the educational app industry.
Most apps鈥攚hich basically are software programs designed to run on smartphones, cellphones, and other hand-held devices鈥� don鈥檛 allow teachers to monitor student progress or garner student data in the same way that鈥檚 typically possible with educational programs operated through a laptop or desktop computer. Apps are often developed narrowly, and by themselves may meet no more than one or two specific standards within a given course. And with the intuitive nature of the iPhone, the iPad, and other mobile devices, app developers are gearing more of their educational content toward the parent-child dynamic than the teacher-student construct.
鈥淭here aren鈥檛 nearly as many apps that fit in both arenas,鈥� says Scott Meech, the founder of the online I 91制片厂视频 Apps Review, or IEAR, and a school district technology facilitator at District No. 38 in Kenilworth, Ill. The site features reviews of educational apps on its blog, provides how-to tips on app usage, and offers a weekly podcast, all with the goal of educating teachers about the world of apps.
Teachers 鈥渨ant to be able to control the content, if it is a drill-and-skill type of activity,鈥� Meech adds. 鈥淭hey would like to see more apps where you can pull out the data and see how well kids are doing.鈥�
Developing Teacher Controls
Because apps don鈥檛 allow teachers to use their own computers to access a student device while it is in use, a teacher who wants students to use apps on mobile devices in class must, in most cases, trust that either the app is engaging enough to keep students on task, or that the teacher will be able to halt any misuse of the devices by monitoring the classroom.
Even though few software applications for iPhones, iPads, Android-compatible devices made by companies like HTC, Motorola, Samsung, or Sony, and other mobile devices are designed specifically for classroom use, some app makers are gaining the respect and trust of tech-savvy educators. Here are some of those app makers:
鈥擠uck Duck Moose
The San Francisco-based company is the maker of several preschool-age interactive apps for the iPhone and the iPad that use gaming, music, and storytelling to teach basic concepts related to numbers, shapes, and vocabulary.
This Vancouver, British Columbia, outfit offers apps for pop-out stories for The Tale of Peter Rabbit and The Night Before Christmas that respond to a user鈥檚 manipulation of an iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch the way a traditional pop-out book would respond to the tug and pull of pages.
This company in Dublin, Ireland, is the publisher of Shakespeare in Bits apps for the iPhone, the iPad, and the iPod touch. They aim to simplify plays by breaking the complete text into bits, offering translations by touching hard-to-understand words, and giving users accompanying voice and visual animations of the stories. 鈥淩omeo and Juliet鈥� is currently available, and the company plans to release a similar app for 鈥淢acbeth.鈥�
While the Encinitas, Calif.-based company began its apps work publishing adult self-help content, it has become an app publisher of a significant volume of interactive children鈥檚 stories since acquiring the rights to Dr. Seuss material. It also publishes interactive apps for Berenstain Bears stories and 鈥淩udolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.鈥�
The developer, also in Encinitas, of MathBoard and SpellBoard for the iPad, and FlashMath and Spellboard Buddy for the iPhone and the iPod touch, is one of only a few companies whose apps allow teachers to monitor student work remotely, in this case through LanSchool鈥檚 classroom-management products.
The children鈥檚 education arm of the Public Broadcasting Service, headquartered in Arlington, Va., has a series of apps for the iPhone and the iPod touch that build upon characters from its television shows, including 鈥淪uper Why,鈥� 鈥淒inosaur Train,鈥� and 鈥淢ister Rogers鈥� Neighborhood.鈥�
The Seattle-based developer of a series of apps that can help students and teachers annotate, organize, and communicate makes its offerings available on the iPhone, the iPad, and the iPod touch. Air Projector transmits images from iPhones or iPods to another browser connected to the same network. Air Sketch and Stickyboard are both iPad apps designed to make annotation easier.
SOURCES: Common Sense Media; IEAR; 91制片厂视频 Week, Digital Directions
But the technology might be evolving to give teachers more oversight. LanSchool Technologies, a classroom-management-systems maker based in Orem, Utah, has developed its EdApp Certification that lets app makers embed code to give teachers, via their own computers, classroom-management control of a student鈥檚 mobile device while he or she uses the apps. Since unveiling the feature in June of last year, LanSchool has given only five apps the certification, with four coming from the same designer, PalaSoftware.
As far as rating an app鈥檚 engagement level, groups like Common Sense Media, a San Francisco-based online-safety advocate, offer online reviews of educational apps.
By December, Common Sense Media had reviewed more than 600 apps since starting the reviews in May 2010. But like much of the educational app world, many of the reviews focus on applications designed for consumption by parents and small children, rather than students and their teachers.
Still, that doesn鈥檛 mean teachers can鈥檛 gain value from the resources, says Jinny Gudmundsen, Common Sense Media鈥檚 executive editor of apps, Web, and video games.
鈥淭eachers, of course, are always held accountable for making sure they are fitting within standards,鈥� says Gudmundsen, who adds that apps that appeal to a more specific hobby or other interests鈥攍ike those that teach guitar lessons, navigation, or astronomy鈥攁re often of better quality than apps focusing on core high school subjects.
鈥淚 think that鈥檚 where you start,鈥� she says. 鈥淪o I bet if you鈥檙e looking at constellations, you can find something tremendously interactive relating to constellations.鈥�
But how do teachers more fully integrate apps across a course curriculum?
Even the most respected app designers say they鈥檙e not entirely sure how to answer that question. As the field grows, experts hope the industry will become more organized, with some companies gaining industrywide respect and others merging to create the possibility of app suites, or a series of apps designed to give reinforcement to key concepts throughout the school year.
鈥淛ust like any teaching tool, [apps] are there to provide an example that helps reinforce what is being done in the classroom,鈥� says Benjamin L. Grimley, the senior director of game and app publishing at PBS Kids, an arm of the Public Broadcasting Service that focuses on educating preschool and early-elementary children.
鈥淲here we see that being more useful to educators,鈥� he says, 鈥渋s being able to line up a series of apps that fits together in a larger picture that doesn鈥檛 just say, 鈥楬ey, it鈥檚 math,鈥� but goes through a specific skill sequence. 鈥� We can get more granular, and it can map the standards.鈥�
What鈥檚 a Good App?
And while the app landscape can look daunting for an unfamiliar newcomer, app makers who are gaining the trust of IEAR and Common Sense Media are actually in favor of a more organized environment that fosters discussion and collaboration between educators and designers.
IEAR hosts a Ning social-media site aimed at encouraging those discussions, says Meech, who adds that correspondence between those groups is growing. And because most designers come from a software background, Rick Richter, the chief executive officer of Norwalk, Conn.-based Ruckus Media, says it鈥檚 in the best interest of good app developers to allow for more oversight.
鈥淲hat I crave is people steeped in child literature to start talking about what constitutes a good app,鈥� says Richter, whose company specializes in apps that are virtual interactive books for young readers. 鈥淲hat we need in this space are better curators.
鈥淥ver time, I think brands will emerge that are trusted brands,鈥� he says. 鈥淏ut the challenge, of course, for parents and educators is to make that leap, and try to figure out who is to be trusted.鈥�
